Which is glomerular filtration?
Urine is formed in the nephrons basically of two steps: glomerular filtration and renal reabsorption. It occurs in the glomerular capsule glomerular filtration, which consists in leakage of the blood plasma from the glomerulus to the Bowman's capsule. The spilled liquid is called filtrate. Glomerular filtrate is the name given to the liquid produced by the glomerulus during the glomerular filtration process Passing through the glomerulus, water, electrolytes and a small amount of protein out of the blood and fall into the kidney capsule (old Bowman's capsule) and then follow for other segments of the nephron.
WHAT IS BREATH acetone?
In cases of diabetes or fasting, our organism search other ways to compensate for the unavailability of glucose as an energy source - as in the case of diabetes, the absence of insulin preclude the use of the available glucose and, in the case of prolonged fasting , glucose itself is absent or in low concentrations, glucose is the main source of energy for our cells, especially for our brain and muscles. However, in the case of diabetes and prolonged fasting, the body identifies the failure and supplies search other ways of obtaining energy. So to get glucose, uses oxaloacetate molecules to enter via the gluconeogenesis in order to make it available.
There is also the breakdown of fatty acids for energy. In this process, there is the release of acetyl coenzyme A. As the latter can only enter the Krebs Cycle joining the oxaloacetate is degraded to ketone bodies: acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone. These components can address the lack of energy sources in cases of glucose shortage, prioritizing them to the brain and blood. However, in the absence of glucose, ketone bodies can also supply the energy deficit of nerve and blood cells (75% of the energy the brain needs are met by acetoacetate in these cases).
The liver is the main organ that produces such substances. These range from its mitochondria into the blood, which transports them. Excessive production of these compounds is termed ketosis, acidosis can cause blood - ketoacidosis - long term. Acetone, hardly oxidized and volatile is eliminated in the urine (ketonuria) and expelled through the mouth, giving a characteristic odor, very similar to the aged fruit, called ketone breath.
10th diseases that causes more deaths in the US;
About 11 million people suffer from this disease;
In Brazil is among the top ten root causes of mortality in the country.
Kleiner, 2002; Vívolo, 1996
CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES
Absence in the production of insulin by the pancreas
Type I Diabetes
Resistance of peripheral tissues (skeletal muscle to capture glucose)
Type II Diabetes ( Foss e Ketetian 2000)
LASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN
DIABETES ASSOCIATION
Diabetes associated with mobile genetic defects or insulin action;
Diabetes caused by chemical drugs or infections;
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), appears during pregnancy (20 or 30 quarters).
American
Diabetes Association,
1997
Type II Diabetes
90-95% of cases appearing earlier in maturity;
Inducing factors:
Obesity, heredity, physical inactivity, diet, DMG history, stress drugs or infection.
Campos 2000
